Ho Became President in 1868 and Again in 1872 Presidential Election of 1872

22nd quadrennial U.South. presidential election

1872 United States presidential election

← 1868 November five, 1872 1876 →
352 members[a] of the Electoral College 177 balloter votes needed to win
Turnout	71.3%[1] vi.8 pp
Nominee Ulysses S. Grant Horace Greeley Party Republican Liberal Republican Alliance – Democratic Habitation state Illinois New York Running mate Henry Wilson Benjamin Gratz Brown Electoral vote 286 (+14 invalidated)[a] 0 (+3 rejected)[b] States carried 29 (+two invalidated)[a] 0 (+6 invalidated) Popular vote 3,598,235 2,834,761 Percentage 55.6% 43.8%
Presidential election results map. Red denotes states won past Grant/Wilson, blue denotes those won by Greeley, yellowish denotes those won by Hendricks, and the diverse shades of green denote those won by Dark-brown, Jenkins and Davis; this reflects the posthumous scattering of Greeley'south electoral votes. Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes allotted to each country.
President earlier election Ulysses Southward. Grant Republican Elected President Ulysses S. Grant Republican

The 1872 United States presidential election was the 22nd quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November v, 1872. Despite a split up in the Republican Party, incumbent President Ulysses Southward. Grant defeated Democratic-endorsed Liberal Republican nominee Horace Greeley.

Grant was unanimously re-nominated at the 1872 Republican National Convention, just his intra-political party opponents organized the Liberal Republican Party and held their own convention. The 1872 Liberal Republican convention nominated Greeley, a New York newspaper publisher, and wrote a platform calling for ceremonious service reform and an cease to Reconstruction. Autonomous Political party leaders believed that their only promise of defeating Grant was to unite around Greeley, and the 1872 Democratic National Convention nominated the Liberal Republican ticket.

Despite the union between the Liberal Republicans and Democrats, Greeley proved to be an ineffective campaigner and Grant remained widely popular. Grant decisively won re-election, carrying 31 of the 37 states, including several Southern states that would not once more vote Republican until the 20th century. Grant would be the last incumbent to win a second consecutive term until William McKinley'due south victory in the 1900 presidential ballot,^[c] and his popular vote margin of 11.8% was the largest margin between 1856 and 1904.

On Nov 29, 1872, after the popular vote was counted, just before the Electoral College cast its votes, Greeley died. As a result, electors previously committed to Greeley voted for four candidates for president and eight candidates for vice president. It was the concluding case until the 1960 presidential ballot in which more than one presidential elector voted for a candidate to whom they were not pledged.

The Ballot of 1872 too remains the only example in U.Southward. history in which a major presidential candidate died during the election process.

Nominations [edit]

Republican Party nomination [edit]

1872 Republican Party ticket
Ulysses Due south. Grant	Henry Wilson
for President	for Vice President
18th President of the The states (1869–1877)	U.S. Senator from Massachusetts (1855–1873)

At the convention the Republicans nominated President Ulysses S. Grant for re-election, but nominated Senator Henry Wilson from Massachusetts for vice president instead of the incumbent Schuyler Colfax, although both were implicated in the Credit Mobilier scandal which erupted ii months later the Republican convention. Others, who had grown weary of the corruption of the Grant assistants, bolted to form the Liberal Republican Party.

The opposition fusion nominations [edit]

In the hope of defeating Grant, the Democratic Political party endorsed the nominees of the Liberal Republican Political party.

Liberal Republican Party nomination [edit]

An influential group of dissident Republicans split from the party to form the Liberal Republican Party in 1870. At the party's merely national convention, held in Cincinnati in 1872, New York Tribune editor and former representative Horace Greeley was nominated for president on the sixth ballot, defeating Charles Francis Adams. Missouri Governor Benjamin Gratz Brown was nominated for vice president on the second election.

1872 Liberal Republican Party ticket
Horace Greeley	Benjamin G. Brown
for President	for Vice President
Former U.S. Representative for New York's 6th (1848–1849)	20th Governor of Missouri (1871–1873)
Campaign

Candidates in this department are sorted by their highest vote count on the nominating ballots
Charles Francis Adams Sr.	Lyman Trumbull	Benjamin Gratz Brown	David Davis	Andrew Gregg Curtin	Salmon P. Chase
Fmr. Envoy to the United kingdom from Massachusetts (1861–1868)	U.Due south. Senator from Illinois (1855–1873)	20th Governor of Missouri (1871–1873)	Associate Justice from Illinois (1862–1877)	15th Governor of Pennsylvania (1861–1867)	Primary Justice from Ohio (1864–1873)
324 votes	156 votes	95 votes	93 votes	62 votes	32 votes

Democratic Party nomination [edit]

1872 Democratic Party ticket
Horace Greeley	Benjamin G. Brownish
for President	for Vice President
Former U.S. Representative for New York's 6th (1848–1849)	20th Governor of Missouri (1871–1873)

The Convention met in Baltimore, Maryland, on July 9–ten. Because of its potent want to defeat Ulysses S. Grant, the Democratic Party also nominated the Liberal Republicans' Greeley/Brown ticket^[ii] and adopted their platform.^[3] Greeley received 686 of the 732 delegate votes cast, while Brown received 713. Accepting the Liberal platform meant the Democrats had accepted the New Deviation strategy, which rejected the anti-Reconstruction platform of 1868. They realized that to win the election they had to await forward, and not attempt to re-fight the Civil State of war.^[4] They too realized that they would only split the anti-Grant vote if they nominated a candidate other than Greeley. Nonetheless, Greeley'due south long reputation as the most ambitious antagonist of the Democratic Political party, its principles, its leadership, and its activists, cooled Democrats' enthusiasm for the presidential nominee.

Some Democrats were worried that backing Greeley would effectively bring the party to extinction, much like how the moribund Whig Party had been doomed by endorsing the Know Naught candidacy of Millard Fillmore in 1856, though others felt that the Democrats were in a much stronger position on a regional level than the Whigs had been at the time of their demise, and predicted (correctly, as it turned out) that the Liberal Republicans would not exist viable in the long-term due to their lack of distinctive positions compared to the main Republican Party. A sizable minority led by James A. Bayard sought to act independently of the Liberal Republican ticket, but the majority of the party agreed to endorse Greeley's candidacy. The convention, which lasted just six hours stretched over 2 days, is the shortest major political party convention in history.

The Liberal Republican Political party fused with the Democratic Political party in all states except for Louisiana and Texas. In states where Republicans were stronger, the Liberal Republicans fielded a majority of the joint slate of candidates for lower offices; while in states where Democrats were stronger, the Democrats fielded the most candidates. In many states, such as Ohio, each political party nominated half of a joint slate of candidates. Even initially reluctant Democratic leaders similar Thomas F. Bayard came to support Greeley.^[5]

Other nominations [edit]

Presidential Candidates:

Charles O'Conor	David Davis
Lawyer from New York (Declined Nomination)	Associate Justice of the U.s. Supreme Courtroom from Illinois (Nominee – Withdrew on June 24, 1872)

Labor Reform Party [edit]

The Labor Reform Political party had only been organized in 1870 at the National Labor Marriage Convention, which organized the Labor Reform Party in anticipation of its participation in the 1872 presidential election.^[6] In the lead-up to the 1872 presidential election, country-level affiliates of the party formed and saw limited success.^[7] One of its major victories was forming a majority coalition with the Autonomous Party in the New Hampshire House of Representatives in 1871 in which William Gove, one of its members, was elected Speaker of the House.^[8]

The party'south start National Convention meeting was held in Columbus, Ohio, on February 22, 1872.^[9] Initially, at that place was a off-white corporeality of give-and-take as to whether the party should actually nominate anyone for the presidency at that time, or if they should wait at least for the Liberal Republicans to nominate their ain ticket commencement. Every motion to that effect lost, and a number of ballots were taken that resulted in the nomination of David Davis for president, who was the frontrunner for the Liberal Republican presidential nomination at that fourth dimension. Joel Parker, the Governor of New Jersey, was nominated for vice president.

While Davis did not decline the presidential nomination of the Labor Reform party, he decided to hinge his campaign in large office on the success of attaining the Liberal Republican presidential nomination, so that he might at to the lowest degree have their resource backside him. Subsequently their convention, in which he failed to accomplish their presidential nomination, Davis telegraphed the Labor Reform political party and informed them of his intention to withdraw from the presidential contest entirely. Joel Parker soon followed suit.

A 2d convention was called on August 22 in Philadelphia, where it was decided, rather than making the same mistake over again, that the party would cooperate with the new Straight-Out Democratic Party that had recently formed. Later the election, the various state affiliates grew less and less active, and by the post-obit year, the party ceased to exist.^[10] Labor Reform party activity continued to 1878, when the Greenback and Labor Reform parties, with other organizations, formed a National Party.^[11]

Direct-Out Autonomous Party [edit]

Unwilling to support the Democratic party ticket (Greeley/Dark-brown), a group of more often than not Southern Democrats held what they chosen a Straight-Out Democratic Party convention in Louisville, Kentucky, on August 11, 1872. They nominated equally presidential candidate Charles O'Conor, who declined their nomination by telegram; for vice president they nominated John Quincy Adams II. Without time to choose a substitute, the party ran the 2 candidates anyhow. They received 0.36% of the pop votes, and no Balloter College votes.

Equal Rights Party [edit]

Victoria Woodhull is recognized as the first woman to run for president. She was nominated for president past the small Equal Rights Party.^[12] Frederick Douglass was nominated for vice president, although he did not attend the convention, acknowledge his nomination, or take an active function in the campaign.^{[ citation needed ]}

General election [edit]

Campaign [edit]

Grant'southward assistants and his Radical Republican supporters had been widely accused of abuse, and the Liberal Republicans demanded civil service reform and an cease to the Reconstruction process, including withdrawal of federal troops from the South. Both Liberal Republicans and Democrats were disappointed in their candidate Greeley. As wits asked, "Why turn out a knave just to replace him with a fool?"^[13] A poor campaigner with little political feel, Greeley's career as a newspaper editor gave his opponents a long history of eccentric public positions to attack. With memories of his victories in the Civil War to run on, Grant was unassailable. Grant as well had a large entrada budget to work with. Ane historian was quoted saying, "Never before was a candidate placed nether such great obligation to men of wealth as was Grant." A large portion of Grant's campaign funds came from entrepreneurs, including Jay Cooke, Cornelius Vanderbilt, Alexander Turney Stewart, Henry Hilton, and John Astor.^[fourteen]

Women's suffrage [edit]

This was the start election after the formation of the National Woman Suffrage Clan and the American Adult female Suffrage Association in 1869. As a result, protests for women'southward suffrage became more prevalent. The National Woman'southward Suffrage Association held its annual convention in New York City on May nine, 1872. Some of the delegates supported Victoria Woodhull, who had spent the year since the previous NWSA annual coming together touring the New York City surround and giving speeches on why women should be immune to vote. The delegates selected Victoria Woodhull to run for president, and named Frederick Douglass for vice- president. He did non nourish the convention and never acknowledged the nomination, though he would serve as a presidential elector in the United States Electoral Higher for the Land of New York. Woodhull gave a series of speeches around New York City during the campaign. Her finances were very thin, and when she borrowed coin from supporters, she often was unable to repay them. On the day earlier the election, Woodhull was arrested for "publishing an obscene newspaper" and and then was unable to cast a vote for herself. Woodhull was ineligible to exist president on Inauguration Day, not because she was a woman (the Constitution and the law were silent on the issue), but because she would not attain the constitutionally prescribed minimum historic period of 35 until September 23, 1873; historians have debated whether to consider her activities a true election entrada. Woodhull and Douglass are not listed in "Election results" beneath, equally the ticket received a negligible percentage of the pop vote and no electoral votes.^[15] In add-on, several suffragists would effort to vote in the ballot. Susan B. Anthony was arrested when she tried to vote and was fined $100 in a widely publicized trial.

Results [edit]

Results by county explicitly indicating the percentage of the winning candidate in each county. Shades of red are for Grant (Republican) and shades of blue are for Greeley (Liberal Republican/Democratic).

Grant won an like shooting fish in a barrel re-ballot over Greeley, with a popular vote margin of 11.8% and 763,000 votes.

Grant likewise won the electoral college with 286 balloter votes; while Greeley won 66 electoral votes, he died on November 29, 1872, twenty-iv days after the election and before whatever of his pledged electors (from Texas, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Georgia, and Maryland) could bandage their votes. Subsequently, 63 of Greeley's electors cast their votes for other Democrats: 18 of them bandage their presidential votes for Greeley's running mate, Benjamin Gratz Brownish, and 45 cast their presidential votes for 3 non-candidates.

Of the 2,171 counties making returns, Grant won in 1,335 while Greeley carried 833. Three counties were split evenly between Grant and Greeley.

Disputed votes [edit]

During the joint session of Congress for the counting of the electoral vote on February 12, 1873, five states had objections that were raised regarding their results. However, unlike the objections which would be made in 1877, these did not touch the event of the election.^[sixteen]

State	Voters	Winning candidate	Outcome	Reason for objection	Electors counted
Arkansas	6	Grant	Rejected	Various irregularities, including allegations of electoral fraud	No
Louisiana	viii
Georgia	3 (of 11)	Greeley	Rejected	Ballots were cast for Horace Greeley as president afterward he had died, and was thus ineligible for the office.	Yeah (votes for B. Gratz Dark-brown as vice-president)
Mississippi	8	Grant	Accustomed	Irregularities and concerns regarding the eligibility of elector James J. Spelman	Yes
Texas	eight	Greeley	Accepted	Irregularities	Yeah

^[17]

This election was the last in which Arkansas voted for a Republican until 1972, and the last in which information technology voted against the Democrats until 1968. Alabama and Mississippi would not be carried by a Republican again until 1964, and they would not vote against the Democrats until 1948. Northward Carolina and Virginia would non vote Republican again until 1928. Westward Virginia, Delaware and New Jersey would not vote Republican again until 1896.

Tabular array of results [edit]

Electoral results

Presidential candidate	Party	Abode state	Pop vote		Electoral vote	Running mate
			Count	Percentage		Vice-presidential candidate	Home country	Electoral vote
Ulysses Southward. Grant (Incumbent)	Republican	Illinois	three,598,235	55.6%	286	Henry Wilson	Massachusetts	286
Thomas Andrews Hendricks	Democratic	Indiana	—(a)	—	42	—(c)		42
Benjamin Gratz Brown	Liberal Republican/ Autonomous	Missouri	—(a)	—	eighteen	—(c)		18
Horace Greeley	Liberal Republican/ Democratic	New York	ii,834,761	43.8%	3(b)	Benjamin Gratz Chocolate-brown	Missouri	3(b)
Charles Jones Jenkins	Autonomous	Georgia	—(a)	—	2	—(c)		2
David Davis	Liberal Republican	Illinois	—(a)	—	1	—(c)		1
Charles O'Conor	Straight-Out Democrats	New York	18,602	0.three%	0	John Quincy Adams II	Massachusetts	0
James Black	Prohibition	Pennsylvania	5,607	0.i%	0	John Russell	Michigan	0
Other			10,473	0.2%	0
Total			half dozen,467,678	100.0%	352(d)
Needed to win					177(d)

Source (pop vote): Leip, David. "1872 Presidential Election Results". Dave Leip'due south Atlas of U.South. Presidential Elections . Retrieved July 27, 2005.

Source (electoral vote): "Electoral College Box Scores 1789–1996". National Archives and Records Assistants. Retrieved July 31, 2005.

^(a) These candidates received votes from Electors who were pledged to Horace Greeley, who died before the electoral votes were cast.
^(b) Brown'south vice-presidential votes were counted, but the presidential votes for Horace Greeley were rejected since he was ineligible for the part of President due to his death.
^(c) Meet Breakup by ticket below.
^(d) The 14 electoral votes from Arkansas and Louisiana were rejected. Had they not been rejected, Grant would have received 300 electoral votes out of a total of 366, well in excess of the 184 required to win.

Vice presidential candidate	Party	State	Electoral vote
Henry Wilson	Republican	Massachusetts	286
Benjamin Gratz Brown	Democratic/Liberal Republican	Missouri	47
Alfred Holt Colquitt	Democratic	Georgia	5
George Washington Julian	Liberal Republican	Indiana	v
Thomas Elliott Bramlette	Democratic	Kentucky	3
John McAuley Palmer	Autonomous	Illinois	3
Nathaniel Prentice Banks	Liberal Republican	Massachusetts	1
William Slocum Groesbeck	Democratic/Liberal Republican	Ohio	1
Willis Benson Machen	Democratic	Kentucky	1
John Quincy Adams II	Direct-Out Democratic	Massachusetts	0
John Russell	Prohibition	Michigan	0
Full			352
Needed to win			177

Source: "Electoral College Box Scores 1789–1996". National Archives and Records Assistants. Retrieved July 31, 2005.

Pop vote
Grant			55.58%
Greeley			43.78%
O'Conor			0.36%
Others			0.27%

Balloter vote
Grant			81.25%
Greeley			18.75%

Geography of results [edit]

• 

  Results by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote

Cartographic gallery [edit]

• 

  Map of presidential election results past county

• 

  Map of Republican presidential election results by county

• 

  Map of Liberal Republican/Democratic presidential election results by canton

• 

  Map of "other" presidential election results by canton

• 

  Cartogram of presidential election results by county

• 

  Cartogram of Republican presidential ballot results by county

• 

  Cartogram of Liberal Republican/Autonomous presidential election results by canton

• 

  Cartogram of "other" presidential election results past county

Results by state [edit]

Source: Information from Walter Dean Burnham, Presidential ballots, 1836–1892 (Johns Hopkins University Printing, 1955) pp 247–57.^[18]

		Ulysses Due south. Grant Republican			Horace Greeley Democratic/Liberal Republican			Charles O'Conor Straight-Out Democrat			Margin		State Total
Country	electoral votes	#	%	electoral votes	#	%	electoral votes	#	%	balloter votes	#	%	#
Alabama	10	ninety,272	53.xix	10	79,444	46.81	-	-	-	-	ten,828	half-dozen.38	169,716	AL
Arkansas	6	41,373	52.17	0	37,927	47.83	-	-	-	-	iii,446	4.35	79,300	AR
California	6	54,007	56.38	six	40,717	42.51	-	1,061	1.11	-	thirteen,290	thirteen.87	95,785	CA
Connecticut	6	50,314	52.41	half-dozen	45,695	47.59	-	-	-	-	4,619	iv.81	96,009	CT
Delaware	3	11,129	51.00	3	10,205	46.76	-	488	ii.24	-	924	four.23	21,822	DE
Florida	4	17,763	53.52	four	xv,427	46.48	-	-	-	-	2,336	7.04	33,190	FL
Georgia	11	62,550	45.03	-	76,356	54.97	xi	-	-	-	-xiii,806	-9.94	138,906	GA
Illinois	21	241,936	56.27	21	184,884	43.00	-	3,151	0.73	-	57,052	13.27	429,971	IL
Indiana	xv	186,147	53.00	15	163,632	46.59	-	1,417	0.40	-	22,515	six.41	351,196	IN
Iowa	11	131,566	60.81	11	81,636	37.73	-	2,221	1.03	-	49,930	23.08	216,365	IA
Kansas	5	66,805	66.46	5	32,970	32.lxxx	-	156	0.sixteen	-	33,835	33.66	100,512	KS
Kentucky	12	88,766	46.44	-	99,995	52.32	12	two,374	1.24	-	-eleven,229	-5.87	191,135	KY
Louisiana	8	71,663	55.69	0	57,029	44.31	-	-	-	-	14,634	11.37	128,692	LA
Maine	7	61,426	67.86	seven	29,097	32.14	-	-	-	-	32,329	35.71	ninety,523	ME
Maryland	8	66,760	49.66	-	67,687	l.34	8	-	-	-	-927	-0.69	134,447	Physician
Massachusetts	thirteen	133,455	69.twenty	xiii	59,195	xxx.69	-	-	-	-	74,260	38.50	192,864	MA
Michigan	eleven	138,758	62.66	eleven	78,551	35.47	-	2,875	1.thirty	-	sixty,207	27.19	221,455	MI
Minnesota	five	55,708	61.27	5	35,211	38.73	-	-	-	-	20,497	22.54	ninety,919	MN
Mississippi	8	82,175	63.48	viii	47,282	36.52	-	-	-	-	34,893	26.95	129,457	MS
Missouri	15	119,196	43.65	-	151,434	55.46	15	two,429	0.89	-	-32,238	-xi.81	273,059	MO
Nebraska	3	xviii,329	70.68	3	seven,603	29.32	-	-	-	-	ten,726	41.36	25,932	NE
Nevada	three	viii,413	57.43	three	6,236	42.57	-	-	-	-	2,177	14.86	fourteen,649	NV
New Hampshire	5	37,168	53.94	five	31,425	45.61	-	-	-	-	5,743	8.33	68,906	NH
New Jersey	9	91,656	54.52	9	76,456	45.48	-	-	-	-	xv,200	9.04	168,112	NJ
New York	35	440,738	53.23	35	387,282	46.77	-	-	-	-	53,456	vi.46	828,020	NY
North Carolina	x	94,772	57.38	ten	lxx,130	42.46	-	261	0.16	-	24,642	14.92	165,163	NC
Ohio	22	281,852	53.24	22	244,321	46.15	-	1,163	0.22	-	37,531	7.09	529,436	OH
Oregon	3	eleven,818	58.66	3	seven,742	38.43	-	587	two.91	-	4,076	20.23	20,147	OR
Pennsylvania	29	349,589	62.07	29	212,041	37.65	-	-	-	-	137,548	24.42	563,262	PA
Rhode Island	4	13,665	71.94	4	5,329	28.06	-	-	-	-	8,336	43.89	eighteen,994	RI
South Carolina	vii	72,290	75.73	seven	22,699	23.78	-	204	0.21	-	49,591	51.95	95,452	SC
Tennessee	12	85,655	47.84	-	93,391	52.sixteen	12	-	-	-	-7,736	-4.32	179,046	TN
Texas	8	47,468	40.71	-	66,546	57.07	viii	two,580	ii.21	-	-19,078	-16.36	116,594	TX
Vermont	5	41,480	78.29	5	10,926	xx.62	-	553	i.04	-	30,554	57.67	52,980	VT
Virginia	11	93,463	l.47	11	91,647	49.49	-	85	0.05	-	1,816	0.98	185,195	VA
Westward Virginia	5	32,320	51.74	v	29,532	47.28	-	615	0.98	-	2,788	4.46	62,467	WV
Wisconsin	10	104,994	54.60	10	86,477	44.97	-	834	0.43	-	18,517	9.16	192,305	WI
TOTALS:	366	3,597,439	55.58	286	ii,833,710	43.78	66	23,054	0.36	-	763,729	11.lxxx	vi,471,983	United states

Shut states [edit]

Red font color denotes states won by Republican Ulysses Southward. Grant; pink denotes those won by Democrat/Liberal Republican Horace Greeley.

States where the margin of victory was under 1% (nineteen balloter votes)

1. Maryland 0.69% (927 votes)
2. Virginia 0.98% (ane,816 votes)

Margin of victory between 1% and 5% (32 electoral votes)

1. Delaware four.23% (924 votes)
2. Tennessee 4.32% (7,736 votes)
3. Arkansas 4.35% (iii,446 votes)
4. W Virginia iv.46% (ii,788 votes)
5. Connecticut 4.81% (4,619 votes)

Margin of victory betwixt five% and 10% (133 electoral votes):

1. Kentucky 5.87% (eleven,229 votes)
2. Alabama 6.38% (x,828 votes)
3. Indiana 6.41% (22,515 votes)
4. New York 6.46% (53,456 votes)
5. Florida 7.04% (2,336 votes)
6. Ohio 7.09% (37,531 votes) (tipping point state with rejection of electors in Arkansas and Louisiana)
7. New Hampshire viii.33% (v,743 votes) (tipping indicate country if electors of Arkansas and Louisiana were not rejected)
8. New Jersey 9.04% (15,200 votes)
9. Wisconsin 9.16% (xviii,517 votes)
10. Georgia 9.94% (xiii,806 votes)

Breakdown by ticket [edit]

Presidential candidate	Running mate	Balloter vote(a)
Ulysses S. Grant	Henry Wilson	286
Thomas Andrews Hendricks	Benjamin Gratz Brown	41 .. 42
Benjamin Gratz Brown	Alfred Holt Colquitt	5
Benjamin Gratz Dark-brown	George Washington Julian	4 .. 5
Benjamin Gratz Brown	Thomas Due east. Bramlette	3
Horace Greeley	Benjamin Gratz Brown	3 (b)
Benjamin Gratz Brown	John McAuley Palmer	2 .. 3
Charles J. Jenkins	Benjamin Gratz Brown	two
Benjamin Gratz Brown	Nathaniel Prentiss Banks	1
Benjamin Gratz Brown	Willis Benson Machen	one
Benjamin Gratz Chocolate-brown	William Slocum Groesbeck	0 .. 1
David Davis	Benjamin Gratz Dark-brown	0 .. 1
David Davis	William Slocum Groesbeck	0 .. 1
David Davis	George Washington Julian	0 .. i
David Davis	John McAuley Palmer	0 .. 1
Thomas Andrews Hendricks	William Slocum Groesbeck	0 .. 1
Thomas Andrews Hendricks	George Washington Julian	0 .. 1
Thomas Andrews Hendricks	John McAuley Palmer	0 .. one

^(a) The used sources had insufficient information to determine the pairings of 4 electoral votes in Missouri; therefore, the possible tickets are listed with the minimum and maximum possible number of electoral votes each.
^(b) Brown's vice-presidential votes were counted, but the presidential votes for Horace Greeley were rejected since he was ineligible for the office of President due to his expiry.

Demise of the Liberal Republicans [edit]

Though the national party organization disappeared after 1872, several Liberal Republican members continued to serve in Congress after the 1872 elections. Virtually Liberal Republican Congressmen eventually joined the Democratic Political party. Outside of the South, some Liberal Republicans sought the creation of a new political party opposed to Republicans, but Democrats were unwilling to abandon their onetime party affiliation and even relatively successful efforts like Wisconsin's Reform Party collapsed. Even the strong Missouri Liberal Republican Party complanate equally the Democrats re-established themselves equally the major opposition political party to the Republicans. In the following years, one-time Liberal Republicans became members in good standing of both major parties.^[xix]

Run across also [edit]

• 1872 and 1873 United States Senate elections
• 1872 U.s.a. House of Representatives elections
• American election campaigns in the 19th century
• History of the United States (1865–1918)
• Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant
• Reconstruction era
• Second inauguration of Ulysses S. Grant
• Third Party Arrangement

Notes [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b c} Elections were held in Arkansas and Louisiana; withal, due to various irregularities including allegations of electoral fraud, all electoral votes from those states (6 and viii, respectively) were invalidated.
2. ^ Greeley died after the election, merely prior to the Balloter College meeting, and was thus ineligible for the role of President. Greeley had won 66 pledged electors, of which 63 cast their votes for other Democrats. 3 Georgian electors voted for Greeley; even so, their votes were rejected.
3. ^ Grover Cleveland was elected to a second not-sequent term in 1892, after losing his re-ballot campaign in 1888.

References [edit]

1. ^ "Voter Turnout in Presidential Elections". The American Presidency Project. UC Santa Barbara.
2. ^ Official Proceedings of the National Democratic Convention, Held at Baltimore, July 9, 1872. Boston: Rockwell & Churchill, Printers. 1872.
3. ^ Paul F. Boller, Jr. (2004). Presidential Campaigns: from George Washington to George W. Bush. Oxford University Press. pp. 128–129. ISBN0-19-516716-3.
4. ^ Dunning 1905, p. 198
5. ^ Ross 1910
6. ^ Adelman, Myra Burt (2000). "Labor Reform Political party: 1872". In Ness, Immanuel; Ciment, James (eds.). The Encyclopedia of Tertiary Parties in America. Vol. 2. Armonk, Due north.Y: Sharpe Reference. pp. 321–22. ISBN0-7656-8020-iii.
7. ^ Renda, Lex (1997). Running on the Record: Ceremonious War-Era Politics in New Hampshire. Charlottesville, 5.A.: Academy Printing of Virginia. p. 173. ISBN0-8139-1722-0.
8. ^ Yeargain, Tyler (2021). "New England Land Senates: Case Studies for Revisiting the Indirect Election of Legislators". University of New Hampshire Constabulary Review. 19 (2): 381. Retrieved April 28, 2021.
9. ^ Richardson, Heather Cox (2007). West from Appomattox: The Reconstruction of America afterwards the Civil State of war. Yale University Printing. p. 128. ISBN9780300137859.
10. ^ Bewig, Matthew S. R. (2010). "Third Parties Subsequently the Civil War". In Robertson, Andrew (ed.). Encyclopedia of U.S. Political History. Vol. 3. Sage. pp. 360–361. ISBN9780872893207.
11. ^ Haynes, Frederick Emory (1916). Third Party Movements Since the Ceremonious War, with Special Reference to Iowa. State Historical Society of Iowa. p. 122. Retrieved Jan 27, 2018. labor reform.
12. ^ "Women Presidential and Vice Presidential Candidates: A Selected List". Center for American Women in Politics. Rutgers Academy Ealgeton Institute. June 30, 2015. Retrieved August 12, 2020.
13. ^ Dunning 197
14. ^ Guide to U.Due south. Elections . Vol. 1 (Fifth ed.). CQ Press. November 17, 2005. ISBNi-56802-981-0.
15. ^ "Our Campaigns – Candidate – Victoria C. Woodhull".
16. ^ U.s.a. Congress (1873). Senate Journal. 42nd Congress, 3rd Session, February 12. pp. 334–346. Retrieved March 23, 2006.
17. ^ David A. McKnight (1878). The Electoral System of the United states: A Critical and Historical Exposition of Its Cardinal Principles in the Constitution and the Acts and Proceedings of Congress Enforcing It. Wm. Due south. Hein Publishing. p. 313. ISBN978-0-8377-2446-1.
18. ^ "1872 Presidential Full general Election Data – National". Retrieved May 7, 2013.
19. ^ Ross, pp. 192-239

Further reading [edit]

• Donald, David Herbert. Charles Sumner and the Rights of Man (1970).
• Downey, Matthew T. "Horace Greeley and the Politicians: The Liberal Republican Convention in 1872," The Periodical of American History, Vol. 53, No. four. (Mar. 1967), pp. 727–750. in JSTOR
• Dunning, William Archibald (1905). Reconstruction: Political & Economic, 1865–1877. ch. 12. online edition
• Lunde, Erik South. "The Ambiguity of the National Idea: the Presidential Entrada of 1872" Canadian Review of Studies in Nationalism 1978 5(1): ane-23. ISSN 0317-7904.
• McPherson, James Thousand. "Grant or Greeley? The Abolitionist Dilemma in the Election of 1872" American Historical Review 1965 71(one): 43–61. in JSTOR
• Prymak, Andrew. "The 1868 and 1872 Elections," in Edward O. Frantz, ed. A Companion to the Reconstruction Presidents 1865–1881 (Wiley Blackwell Companions to American History) (2014) pp. 235–56 online
• Republican Campaign Clubs, Horace Greeley Unmasked. New York: Republican Campaign Clubs, 1872. —Campaign pamphlet.
• Rhodes, James Ford. History of the Usa from the Compromise of 1850 to the McKinley-Bryan Campaign of 1896. Book: 7 ch 39–xl. (1920)
• Ross, Earle Dudley (1910). The Liberal Republican Movement. H. Holt. pp. 202–.
• Slap, Andrew 50. The Doom of Reconstruction: The Liberal Republicans in the Civil State of war Era (2006) online edition
• Strauss, Dafnah. "Ideological closure in newspaper political language during the US 1872 ballot campaign." Periodical of Historical Pragmatics 15.ii (2014): 255–291. DOI: 10.1075/jhp.15.2.06str online
• Summers, Mark Wahlgren. The Press Gang: Newspapers and Politics, 1865–1878 (1994) ch xv
• Summers, Mark Wahlgren. The Era of Good Stealings (1993), covers corruption 1868–1877
• Van Deusen, Glyndon Grand. Horace Greeley, Nineteenth-Century Crusader (1953) online edition

Master sources [edit]

• American Annual Cyclopedia...for 1872 (1873), comprehensive collection of facts online edition
• Blaine, James G. (1885). 20 Years of Congress. vol. 2. pp. 520–31. online edition
• Chester, Edward W A guide to political platforms (1977) online
• Porter, Kirk H. and Donald Bruce Johnson, eds. National party platforms, 1840-1964 (1965) online 1840-1956

External links [edit]

• Presidential Ballot of 1872: A Resource Guide from the Library of Congress
• 1872 popular vote by counties
• How close was the 1872 ballot? — Michael Sheppard, Massachusetts Constitute of Applied science
• Election of 1872 in Counting the Votes Archived October seven, 2017, at the Wayback Car

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1872_United_States_presidential_election

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